Now I don’t want to scare you into thinking that winter is here already but someone has certainly turned the switch marked “summer” to Off. There is however, good news from a horticultural standpoint - the rain and cooler temperatures are great for establishing new trees and shrubs. Any time between now and Christmas is fine - unless the ground freezes of course. Autumn is also a key season for the wildlife garden. A few simple steps taken now can help a host of animals to find safe hiding places for the coming winter, and ensure birds and mammals have something to eat and a little protection when times are hard. Most people tend to tidy their gardens in autumn, but often take this to the extreme. They blitz them, removing most of the shelter for wildlife and leaving overwintering invertebrates homeless in the process. You can help wildlife by leaving as much tidying up as possible until the end of winter, and doing so can make your garden look more attractive, too. Natural foods for birds are their first choice – so leave some behind! Most berries are great food for birds, and leave some windfall fruit on the ground. Other natural larders include ivy berries and the seeds of plants such as docks, herbs and teasel. Gardens don’t need to be messy to offer a variety of wildlife habitats in winter but don’t be too tidy! Log piles and other features (such as upturned flower pots) will provide cover. Try to avoid disturbing them over the winter. As well as providing habitats for a host of overwintering residents, a good wildlife garden will attract flocks of birds. In fact, the harsher the weather and the less food there is in the countryside, the more important gardens become for our feathered friends. Feeding birds throughout the winter is important, because it increases their breeding success the following year. So start preparing now. As winter progresses of course, birds will become more dependent on the food you put out. This is when they use feeders most heavily, so hygiene is important: clean your feeders and tables now by soaking them in sterilizing fluid, and get into the routine of washing them at least quarterly. Feeders can be sanitized with a solution of one part bleach to nine parts hot water. Commercial birdfeeder cleaning solutions are also available, mind you, a mild solution of unscented dish detergent is reasonably effective. The onset of winter is also an ideal opportunity to clean out nest-boxes (scalding the box with hot water will kill parasites). Don’t forget to carry out any necessary repairs and check the boxes are still firmly attached, replacing dilapidated ones. Remember though that some birds will use them for shelter – so put them back in good time! Wrens for instance can lose up to 10 per cent of their body weight on cold nights. They conserve heat by roosting communally, often in empty nest-boxes. Pay special attention to your flowerbeds and hedges – it’s time to single out the plants that do not contribute very much, swapping them for species that will attract more animals to your garden. Plant new hedges or replace some of your existing ornamental species with natives such as hazel, hawthorn, buckthorn and guelder rose. Doing this now gives the plants time to establish roots, and will add to the overall diversity and interest in your garden in years to come. Other tips to help:
1 Comment
To bee or not to bee – how will your garden grow? That is the question. Bee numbers are in steep decline worldwide. Much of this has been laid at the door of a virus spread by the Varroa mite. Whilst this has undoubtedly been a major factor, there is no doubt that a lack of food, plus the longer term effect of pesticides, have eroded bees resistance to this, and other viruses. The major issue, and one we can do something about, is the impact of pesticides. Please don’t use chemicals that contain “Neonicotinoids” – avoid pesticides altogether if you can. Bees are the gardener’s friend – without them our gardens will be sadly depleted – not just due to the absence of those furry bundles of joy (unless you step on them of course), but more so from the plants that need bees, and others, to procreate. In China, they have eradicated many of their wild pollinators, and have had to use domestic bees or, more extraordinary still, pollinate by hand. In Sichuan province, 40,000 people are employed pollinating fruit trees using chicken feather dusters! This is a job that used to be done by nature, for free. What can we do to help them then? Bees, and other pollinators, need two key things - food and shelter. Bees need pollen – and for as long a season as possible. Nectar feeds the adult bee and pollen is collected for the young. In early spring winter heather (Erica carnea) can be relied upon for colour and bee feeding stations. Goat willow, pulmonaria and snowdrops are also helpful. An interesting note here – double snowdrops (and other “double” flowers) are no use to bees (or other insects) as the “double effect” is achieved at the expense of the pollen bearing parts of the flower. During late spring and summer the list is long! Native species tend to be more interesting to native bees, as well as tending to be hardier than more exotic ones. A decent size clump of flowers in the sun will be more attractive to bees than a few scattered blooms. Try growing Viper's bugloss, Echium vulgare. This is a magnificent plant for a herbaceous border, with spikes of vivid blue flowers up to 60cm (2ft) tall. It should attract a cloud of bumblebees in high summer. The single rose family is also very attractive to bees – these include crab apple, hawthorn and potentilla. For late summer, when queens are stocking up for the winter, ivy, angelica, buddleia, cardoon, lavender are all favourites. Bees prefer slightly untidy gardens – this sounds like a marvelous excuse to be a little lazy! They thrive where things are undisturbed – quiet corners would benefit from comfrey (a good groundcover - also useful as liquid plant feed), foxgloves, forget-me-nots, Verbena bonariensis, teasels, honesty… For shelter it rather depends on the bee. We have 250 species – 24 bumbles, 225 solitaries and 1 honey bee. With a little work you can attract between 6 and 10 species of bumblebee to a Tatsfield garden. Solitaries nest in holes in the ground or decayed wood. Where you spot bees nesting in the ground, be careful not to disturb these holes if you can avoid it. Bee nesting boxes can be bought at most garden centres. These look like a bird box but with bamboo tubes arranged horizontally. Bees like warmth and shelter, so fix their new abode in a south-facing spot but not in direct sunlight. Point them down slightly to keep out the rain. Site these as close to a source of food as you can. So bee kind to wildlife and it will do you a good turn. I am planning to plant a bee friendly bed this year and will keep you posted on progress. |
AuthorGuy Deterding Archives
November 2018
Categories |